Legea falimentului persoanelor fizice - o necesitate

PDFImprimareEmail

Scris de Gheorghe Piperea

Programul Piperea

Cum pot cei afectati de criza sa obtina protectia instantei

Legislatia romaneasca se dezintereseaza de tratamentul judiciar al situatiei de supraindatorare a simplilor particulari si de soarta celor care, indatorati fiind, nu-si mai pot plati datoriile din cauza conjuncturilor nefavorabile.

In conditiile unei economii de piata, orientata catre consum, investiile personale si consumul se bazeaza din ce in ce mai mult pe credit, care se contracteaza la banci, societati de leasing, societati de credite ipotecare, societati de credite de consum ori prin cumparari in rate sau pe credit. Multiplicarea si amplificarea creditelor contractate de un simplu particular poate duce, ca si in cazul comerciantilor, la crize financiare de supraindatorare. Tendinta de indatorare prin credite de consum este cu atit mai mare, cu cit rata de crestere a economiei este mai mare. Tendinta de crestere a ratei de indatorare a luat sfirsit in Romania, dar aceasta rata a ajuns in ultimii 3 ani asa de sus, incit actuaa corectie severa pe care o experimentam ameninta  sa provoace nu numai probleme grave sociale, ci si dificultati in alimentarea cu venituri la bugetul de stat si mari probleme bancilor, care isi vad acum clientela pentru creditele de retail redus la un sfert din voluml de anul trecut. Cel mai elocvent exemplu il reprezinta inghetarea creditelor ipotecare. In SUA, la inceputul lunii august 2007, piata ipotecara a fost cutremurata de un adevarat crah, cauzele fiind exact aceleasi care au stat si la baza crah-ului bursier american din 2002, adica « exuberanta » investitionala si speculatia. Politica economica a SUA a permis americanilor cu venituri medii sau mici sa cumpere locuinte pe credit ipotecar cu termene de 30 de ani sau mai mult, cu dobinzi care ajunsesera, la inceputul anului 2007, la valori real-negative (subprime) si aceasta in conditiile in care perioadele de gratie se intindeau pe 2 ani, creditul urmind sa fie achitat pe urmatorii 28 de ani. In august 2007, insa, “bula speculative” s-a spart”.

Familiile americane, in momentul de fata, nu isi mai pot refinanta creditele si, in final, nu isi vor mai putea achita debitele la banci. Corectia subsecventa spargerii bulei speculative a dus la reducerea valorii imobilelor, ipotecile asupra acestora nemaiputind acoperi valoarea creditului ipotecar. Volumul creditarii a scazut la niveluri nemaintilnite si, ca o consecinta imediata, valorile mobiliare prin care sunt securitizate, de obicei, creditele ipotecare (obligatiuni sau titluri ipotecare) si-au pierdut lichiditatea, devenind “active toxice”. De altfel, si sectorul constructiilor a avut de suferit si, pe ansamblu, toata economia americana a intrat in recesiune. Desi aceste realitati sunt comentate in mass-media din ultimul an, totusi Guvernul a lansat programul “Prima casa”, care contine toate riscurile pe care le-au avut si creditele sub-prime din SUA.

Daca acest trend descrescator s-a oprit deja in SUA intrucit, pe de o parte, economia americana contine mecanisme interne eficiente de corectie, iar legislatia americana prevede proceduri de tratament judiciar al situatiei de supraindatorare a persoanelor fizice, care permit un “nou start”, o reintrare in circuitul civil al celor ajunsi faliti datorita consecintelor acestui crah, in Romania astfel de programe si lipsa unei legi a falimentului persoanelor particulare risca sa ne afunde si mai mult in criza. Primele care vor avea cu siguranta de suferit vor fi bancile, intrucit orice credit care nu mai poate fi rambursat – si este evident ca in caz de supraindatorare, clientul bancii nu va mai putea sa-si achite ratele – trebuie inscris ca si credit neperformant in evidentele bancii si trecut in « extrabilantier », operatiune care este insotita, obligatoriu, de constituirea de provizioane de risc, in suma egala cu cuantumul creditului ne-performant. In plus, executarea unei ipoteci poate dura ani de zile, mai ales in cazul debitorilor care au familii, iar ipoteca este pusa asupra casei. La un numar de 800.000 de someri estimati pina la finalul anului bancile vor avea tot atitia debitori care vor trebui sa fie executati silit. Este evident ca un asemenea numar de executari silite nu va putea fi gestionat de o banca, aceasta fiind, de fapt, nevoita, sa isi vinda creantele ipotecare respective, pentru a face rost de cash. Si, cind apare foamea de cash, apar si vinzarile in pierdere catre cei care detin cash-ul. Sunt fonduri si comercianti care abia asteapta o astfel de oportunitate. In fine, as observa ca, in cazul clientilor persoane juridice, odata trecut la procedura falimentului fata de acest gen de debitori, banca poate dispune de sumele constituite cu titlu de provizioane (suma care, de la momentul trecerii creditului neperformant in « extrabilantier » si pina la trecerea la procedura de insolventa, fusese indisponibilizata sub forma de provizion). Insa, pentru clientii persoane fizice, care nu pot fi subiecti ai procedurii insolventei pentru cazul supraindatorarii, acest beneficiu al deblocarii provizioanelor de risc nu exista.

Extinderea procedurii insolventei la simplii particulari pentru supraindatorare ar fi, asadar, un avantaj major pentru banci, care nu ar mai fi nevoite sa mentina provizioanele pina la momentul finalizarii executarii silite asupra datornicului, ci numai pina la momentul deschiderii procedurii insolventei asupra acestuia. In alta ordine de idei, o procedura de insolventa aplicabila persoanelor fizice pentru supraindatorare este necesara si pentru a proteja mediul bancar, in special, si mediul de afaceri, in general, de debitorii « profesionisti » (cei care fac un obicei din contractarea de credite, cumpararea de bunuri in rate, contractarea de leasing-uri, consumul de utilitati pe « credit », fara a se precupa si de rambursare), dar si pentru a da o a doua sansa debitorului scuzabil, care a ajuns in situatie de supraindatorare din motive independente de vointa sa.

Anul 2009, anul instalarii crizei economice severe in Romania, ne-a aratat ca : (i) s-a stabilit un curs de schimb leu-euro cu o depreciere accelerata si severa a leului, chiar daca BNR, cu costul unor miliarde bune, s-a opus in mod naiv acestui trend in octombrie 2008; foarte multe credite s-au dat in euro si, deci, cuantumul ratelor in lei este acum mult mai mare, in valoare nominala; (ii) dobinzile bancare au crescut exponential, chiar daca nivelul creditarii este inca inghetat la nivelul lunii februarie 2009; (iii) salariile au scazut, iar salariatii au fost nevoiti sa accepte scaderea, ca masura de sacrificiu pentru pastrarea locului de munca; (iv) multi debitori au fost concediati, ca efect al crizei sau al falimentului patronului. Toate acestea au dus la o reducere severa a sursei de rambursare. La toate acestea se adauga masurile naiv-populiste ale guvernului, care au agravat criza.

Actuala situatie legislativa va atrage, in primul rind, o grava problema sociala – bancile vor executa din ce in ce mai multi debitori si ii vor scoate in strada, caci la creditele ipotecare singura garantie a fost casa. Dar problema sociala va fi insotita si de o imensa problema financiara. In acest moment, practic nimeni nu mai cumpara imobile sau, daca o face, pretul este la nivelului anului 2003. Bancile nu isi vor putea recupera in totalitate creantele, caci valoarea evaluata la momentul acordarii creditului este déjà mult mai mare decit valoarea de piata, uneori chiar cu mai mult de 50%. Costurile economice si cele administrative vor deveni de nesuportat.

Ce se va intimpla cu cei care, fara rea-credinta, nu vor mai putea sa isi achite ratele la creditele de retail sau chiar la creditele ipotecare? In primul rind, ei vor fi automat trecuti in bazele de date negative ale sistemului bancar, cu consecinta ca nici o banca nu ii va mai credita.  Practic, aceste persoane vor fi moarte din punct de vedere civil timp de 5 ani. In al doilea rind, bancile ii vor trece, practic, automat, in portofoliul de credite neperformante, constituind imediat provizioane asupra acestora. Urmeaza executarea silita declansata de banca si, inexorabil, evacuarea din casa cumparata pe credit ipotecar ori vinzarea bunului cumparat pe credit.

Desigur ca cel mai bine ar fi sa avem o lege a falimentului particularilor pentru supraindatorare, dar, daca Legea insolventei se aplica si comerciantilor – persoana fizica, care se poate pune, la cerere, sub protectia tribunalului, atunci, aplicind principiul non-discriminarii, si o persoana fizica simplu particular ar putea cere protectia tribunalului pentru situatia de supraindatorare. Pe de alta parte, dreptul la protectia tribunalului face parte din acquis-ul comunitar si, in virtutea Constitutiei, textul legii romane care limiteza dreptul simplilor particulari de a cere protectia tribunalului nu este aplicabil, fiind aplicabil direct dreptul comunitar.

Din toate aceste motive, am propus o lege a salvgardarii intreprinderilor. Proiectul acestei legi poate fi vazut AICI si va intra in procedura de legiferare in aceasta toamna, ca intitativa parlamentara.

Comments (44)
  • |59.58.159.xxx |2011-09-09 02:17:26 true religion jeans outlet  - true religion jeans outlet
    The worst bankrupt in the world is the man who has lost enthusiasm. Let him lose everything but enthusiasm and he will come through again to success. You must like our web?true religion jeans outlet
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |75.149.173.xxx |2011-10-26 11:52:39 Chanel Purses  - Chanel Purses
    At least three people were killed at the scene, said Khalil Farhangi, the province's

    hospital chief. KabirLV Bags Amiri, who oversees all of Kabul's hospitals, says 47 people were wounded

    and two of them subsequently Louis Vuitton Handbagsdied, raising the death toll to five so far. He said at least aboutCoach Outlet Store10 people suffered extensive burns. The al-Qaida and Taliban-linked Haqqani network, Chanel Purseswhich operates out of Pakistan, have been blamed for many of the recent spectacular attacks in and around Kabul. The U.S. and Afghanistan have urged Pakistan to do more to rein in or combat the

    network, and Coach Factory StoreNATO earlier this month launched a major operation involving tens of thousands of Coach Factory Outletcoalition and Afghan forces to target insurgents along Afghanistan's eastern border with Pakistan. The explosion,around 8 p.m. Tuesday, occurred in Parwan province, about 25 miles (40 kilometers) north of the capital, Kabul. There was...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |59.33.84.xxx |2011-11-11 09:25:37 Swiss Replica Watches copy
    we Assist business An immitation T906.417.76.031.00,T03.1.325.80 as well as Tissot T71.3.471.33 as a substitute of the stable matter regarding estimation rightly matters. by our website, the T058.009.16.031.00 in the midst of Tissot T71.3.324.34 are the greatest swap near the big-name supervisees about decisive. the T73.3.370.72 of a come aboutst impress is more than a no-name workaday timepiece, thus it is natural with the intention of peak people requirement be similar to T71.3.632.34. the inconsequential differences amongst a sincere too a involve watch cannot be noticed commencing a isolate. k08JDD.family who cannot let somebody borrow to asset themselves authenticated watches had outstrip jog for the T73.3.371.72 instead which are posh, advantage together with tendency oblige you consistency artificial.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |27.159.220.xxx |2011-11-28 07:25:04 Coach Outlet  - http://www.coachs-factorysoutlet.net
    The attack comes as relations between Coach Outletthe United States and Pakistan, its ally in the war on militancy, areChanel Handbags already badly strained following the killing of al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden by U.S. special forces in a secretChanel Handbags raid on the Pakistani garrison town of Abbottabad in May.

    Pakistan called that raid a Chanel Bagsflagrant violation of its sovereignty.

    The Foreign OfficeCoach Factory Outlet condemned Saturday's attack.

    "Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani has condemned Coach Outlet Onlinein the strongest terms the NATO/ISAF attack on the Pakistani post," ministry spokeswoman Tehmina Janjua Coach Outletsaid in a statement. "On his direction, the matter is being taken (up) by the foreign ministry in the strongest termsCoach Outlet with NATO and the U.S."

    Two military
    Louis Vuitton Bags officials said that up to 28 troops had Coach Factory Outletbeen killed and 11 wounded in the attack on the Salala checkpoint, about 2.5 km...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |27.159.224.xxx |2011-11-28 11:17:49 Coach Outlet  - Coach Outlet
    It’s an abrupt Coach Outlettwist to a conversation as I settle into my seat on the bus from DamascusChanel Handbags to Homs: an 18-year-old boy tells me in no uncertain terms to get off, Coach Outlet Onlineto leave the bus. We’ve known each other just five minutes, Mohammed and I,
    Coach Outlet after he introduced himself while we were loading our luggage into the hold of the bus. I’d invited him toCoach Outlet Online sit beside me at the back.Louis Vuitton Bags With his shock of curly black hair zipped up in the hood of a stripy cardigan, he looked like the lead singer of a retro boy band. “But why? WhyCoach Factory Outlet do you want to go to Homs?” he asks again and again. Oh, I don’t know, I say: I’m touring around. This spooks Mohammed, as well it should: Homs, in recent weeks, has become a place ofCoach Outlet immense peril, the epicenter of an increasinglyLouis Vuitton Bags violent uprising against the regime of
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |222.185.123.xxx |2012-01-17 06:25:43 air jordan shoes  - air jordan shoes
    Each piece you see on display is a masterpiece in itself and a reflection of jordan basketball shoes is artwork. This brand buy jordan shoes is an ideal choice to buy as the designs are always novel and never go out of style. One can buy authentic air jordan retro shoes and accessories from reputed stores that offer a complete range of this brand. You can also buy this air jordan shoes ine from online stores which makes your shopping more easy from the comfort of your home. So make sure you dress up this season with fashion that's filled with the hottest and latest jordan shoes sale.This applies the most when shipping has to be done and the type of ed hardy packaging is used to determine the packaging cost.When people see a buyer carrying a bag with the ed hardy clothing of the company, they will definitely get attracted and pulled towards with an urge to get the same. If the ed hardy sale has a good shape, it will be much manageable to transport and distribute.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |110.87.11.xxx |2012-01-19 08:41:40 Hogan  - Hogan
    Selezionare la particolare bambine scarpe Hogan o stivali che può essere altrettanto sicuro ed hogan
    anche elegante?Sarete in grado di andare ovunque apertamente con tutti i migliori facilità e la hogan sito ufficiale
    comodità all'interno le dita dei piedi. Da qui la prossima volta che prende in considerazione hogan scarpe
    l'acquisizione di scarpe o stivali da soli, selezionare il particolare ragazze Hogan Online Shop, che scarpe hogan
    può essere altrettanto sicuro e anche elegante. hogan outlet
    Scarpe Hogan o stivali varietà di un grande complesso
    outlet hogan

    Hogan In-Sprint Shoes varietà di una sezione grande complesso di qualsiasi pianeta delle donne per quanto riguarda tendenza. E 'davvero così importante la "moda" frase diventerà incompiuta con queste.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |222.185.123.xxx |2012-02-25 08:56:01 nike jordan shoes  - nike jordan shoes
    You can just enjoy them by ordering jordan shoes online where you get the complete satisfaction and genuine quality at best possible rates. The finish, quality and designs you get from jordan shoes sale re really astonishing and you will love them all. Different styles and designs of air jordan retro shoes are now available to make your wrist beautiful. You can choose from the wide variety of nike jordan shoes by comparing lots of perfect and stunning pieces. These nike air jordan would be nice investments for you in long term.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |74.125.112.xxx |2012-03-24 07:47:36 louis vuitton outlet  - louis vuitton outlet
    All Mums love to look glamourous, they just don't often get the chance to. A little luxury item of make up like a YSL Touche Eclate will go straight to your Mum's heart! Don't worry if that's a little out of your budget, No.7 do great gift packs at great valueysl shoes.
    Being under loans is definitely not a good thing and this definitely acts as a hindrance on the path of the person to fulfill his or her social and family responsibilitieschristian louboutin outlet. Therefore, there is no doubt in the fact that a person should take the help of Christian debt consolidation to consolidate all his or her earlier loans and to lead a happy lifechristian louboutin sale christian louboutin shoes.
    However, LV handbags are too expensive to afford for most peoplelouis vuitton outlet. The appearance of replica LV solved most people's financial problemslouis vuitton outlet store louis vuitton sunglasses.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |110.86.166.xxx |2012-03-28 02:12:32 www.wholesalenewerasnapbacksha  - www.wholesalenewerasnapbackshats.com
    Wholesale New Era hats celebrated 90 years as a leader in the headwear industry by teaming up with 90 graduate artists from some of Europe's most prestigious design schools. The artists were given a blank canvas (a blank new era hats) and asked to unleash their creativity. The winner was awarded £10,000 with the intent of assisting their launch into their chosen artistic career. Throughout the month of November, all 90 works of art are touring Europe with stops in London, Berlin, Milan, Barcelona and Paris. (www.wholesalenewerasnapbackshats.com) wholesale@hats.com
    While some pieces are very wearable, others designs take a more creative approach. Would you wear any of the designs or do you prefer to stick with the MLB snapbacks Hats or a New Era Snapback hats ? If you could design your own blank , what would it look like?
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |27.159.229.xxx |2012-03-29 02:04:03 true religion skirt girls  - true religion skirt girls

    This kind of jeans are made with the great materian and the special design.tr jeans To be a fashion woman,the Womens Petite Jeans is your best choice.true religion outlet Here we would show you the true religion jeans which appear to be quite popular among the world.true religion jeans Famous around the world due to the high quality,true religion mens flare jeans especially for the stylish design.They are very popular among women.true religion skirt girlsThey are comfortable to wear and nice to show.
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.138.xxx |2012-04-05 03:31:07 Hogan Shop  - Hogan Shop
    You can wear anything with them also If you carefully take a look at an ideal set of Hogan Shoes, you are able to tell that detailed craftsmanship went in to the producing of the items With the 3 1/2 heel, you can do just about anything in these pumpsHogan Shoes are pretty Hogan Shoes famous and Shoe Stores Online have the logo of the company printed on it which gives it a stylish and special look

    But, with a formal dress black leather belts are mostly preferred as it gives you descent looks Shop and save big!Belts are the accessories that take negligible time to wear, but grasp the attention of people around you If you carefully take a look at an ideal set of Hogan Shoes, you are Shoe Store Outlet able to tell that detailed craftsmanship went in to the producing of the items You run to want the finer things in life and in fashion and these shoes definitely fall into hogan Buy Hogan scarpe hogan sito ufficiale that category

    There are so many designs and styles of Hogan shoes wh...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.138.xxx |2012-04-05 03:32:54 Hogan Shop  - Hogan Shop
     If you carefully take a look at an ideal set of Hogan Shoes, you are able to tell that detailed craftsmanship went in to the producing of the items Use the wet cloth to clean the dirty spots of the shoe and use it only on the bottom The right Hogan shoes make all the difference between a torturous experience and a pleasurable invigorating run The Hogan slingbacks are great for this time of year also
    Hogan Shoe Stores Online Shoes are pretty famous and have Discount Hogan Sale Mens Olympia Shoes the logo of the company printed on it which gives it a stylish and special look There is certainly no reason to hesitate to wear Shoe Store Outlet excellent Hogan shoes anyway The lifespan of a pair of Hogan Shoes can be extended with the right care, but longevity is also determined by getting the best pair of Hogan Shoes possible in the first place They speak of actual skill and big amount of time spent
     Whenever you are going to shop for belt dont go at the looks alone, try it at...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.138.xxx |2012-04-19 01:37:03 toms shoe  - toms shoe
    One day when i saw a picture on the internet, it's about a female star who was pregnant, it made me to think of the women that are pregnant should notice toms shoe not to wear heels and tight clothes If you are looking for toms shoes now, you can go to the toms shop at any time If you want to make contribution to the poors, it is also a good choice to buy a pair of toms shoes Toms shoes match a jeans and a T-shirt is a good collocation, it makes you more dynamic and refreshing
    Many of our regular customers are satisfied cheap toms with our serviceMany of our regular customers are satisfied with our service With the toms shop principle of helping people who are in poverty, our toms shoes sale at relatively low price When he found out that his girlfriend was wearing jeans, sexy curves were covered by heavy denim
     And then you get the tracking number to know the first hand information of your order, whether it has been delivered, where it is now and when will Toms Women you get i...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.138.xxx |2012-04-19 01:53:22 toms shoe
    One day when i saw a picture on the internet, it's about a female star who was pregnant, it made me to think of the women that are pregnant should notice toms shoe not to wear heels and tight clothes If you are looking for toms shoes now, you can go to the toms shop at any time If you want to make contribution to the poors, it is also a good choice to buy a pair of toms shoes Toms shoes match a jeans and a T-shirt is a good collocation, it makes you more dynamic and refreshing
    Many of our regular customers are satisfied cheap toms with our serviceMany of our regular customers are satisfied with our service With the toms shop principle of helping people who are in poverty, our toms shoes sale at relatively low price When he found out that his girlfriend was wearing jeans, sexy curves were covered by heavy denim
     And then you get the tracking number to know the first hand information of your order, whether it has been delivered, where it is now and when will Toms Women you get i...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.138.xxx |2012-05-03 01:47:49 Hogan Online  - Hogan Online
    People's aesthetic Hogan Hi-Sprint and values also Accompanied by the Hogan Interactive Shoes rapid changes, and social economy are increasingly showing a personalized, diversified characteristics, P It seems to it is an hogan online symbol of wealth and state Men and women from all over the world rely on Hogan for the Best shoes No matter shoes for men or for women, it's appropriate for red carpit of just stay at home
     I saw magnificent Judith Lieber bags, Prada, Miu, Valentino, Hogan Shoes and Jimmy Choo shoes, even some Yves Saint Laurent garbThe most basic requirement of Leisure sports shoes is to be comfortable, lightweight, personality I in no way consider it away and are already amazingly fortunate in latest years Tod s was originally a family workshop-style family shoe factory, on century 40 time developed Buy Hogan into a large scale group, in the run of Deigo Della Valle genius, 'Tod s Hogan Shoes appears on the market successfully, fiscal year 2003 turnover of 387000...
    RaspundeCiteaza
  • |220.161.122.xxx |2012-05-16 00:09:03 louis vuitton online  - louis vuitton online
    Thanks for visiting our outstanding Louis Vuitton Online Shop! There's a great number of handbags which can make an individual a lot more charming and elegant. To the delight, increasingly more clients are obsessive about the items. The reason is that we're better than additional web store concerning supplying products and also customers support. The greater products you register the greater special discounts you can enjoy! you should join in order to http://www.bags234.com
    RaspundeCiteaza
Scrieti comentariu
Your Contact Details:
Comentarii:
[b] [i] [u] [url] [quote] [code] [img]   
:D:angry::angry-red::evil::idea::love::x:no-comments::ooo::pirate::?::(
:sleep::););)):0
Următor >

Newsletter Piperea

Newsletter Piperea


Receive HTML?

Programul Piperea

Noutati Piperea


Warning: fopen(/home/programu/public_html/images//bonckod79f7887714d7cf4ad94258a55747d85.rss) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/programu/public_html/plugins/content/plgBonckoLen.php on line 410
File /home/programu/public_html/images//bonckod79f7887714d7cf4ad94258a55747d85.rss creation error
Warning: fwrite(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/programu/public_html/plugins/content/plgBonckoLen.php on line 414

Warning: fclose(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/programu/public_html/plugins/content/plgBonckoLen.php on line 415
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8

Ma gasesti pe net

Vreau sa stiu parerea ta!

Criza te-a afectat?

Rezultate

Echipa Piperea